California Criminal Statutes of Limitations

Statutes of limitations set time limits for the government to bring criminal charges in a case. If the prosecution charges someone after the applicable time period has passed, the person charged can have the case dismissed.

In California and most other states, violent crimes generally have longer statutes of limitations, and some crimes (like murder) have no statute of limitations—meaning the government can file criminal charges for the alleged offense at any time. In certain instances, statutes of limitations are "tolled" (suspended), allowing the government more time to bring a case.

California's complex laws set time limits for almost all offenses, along with various exceptions and tolling rules.

Statutes of Limitations for Felonies and Misdemeanors in California

Like many states, California sets time limits for a host of specific crimes. For crimes not specifically listed in the statute, a general statute of limitations applies based on the maximum punishment set for the crime.

The general time limits are:

• six years for felony offenses punishable by eight or more years in prison
• three years for other felonies, and
• one year for misdemeanors.

Crimes Without a Statute of Limitations

No time limit exists for crimes punishable by death or a life sentence, such as first-degree murder and treason. Other crimes with no limitations period include embezzlement of public money and felony rape offenses involving force or violence.

Time Limits for "Wobbler" Offenses

The limitations period for "wobbler" offenses—crimes that can be charged or sentenced as either misdemeanors or felonies—can be tricky. If the prosecutor charges a wobbler offense as a felony, generally the time limit for the felony—rather than the misdemeanor—punishment applies.

Statutes of Limitations for Specific Crimes in California

Below are examples of time limits for specific crimes in California. Keep in mind that the following is a partial list that broadly summarizes the law. You should look at the actual law for nuances, exceptions, and legislative changes—and know that court rulings can affect the interpretation of the law. (Cal. Penal Code §§ 799 to 805 (2024).)

When Does the Statute-of-Limitations Clock Start and Stop in California?

Generally, the statute of limitations starts when the crime occurs. But in circumstances where it's difficult to discover the crime or a victim might be particularly scared to report it, the law might give the prosecution more time to file.

For instance, California law gives the prosecution a year—from the date that the victim reports the crime—to file certain sex-offense charges. The rule applies if the victim was a minor at the time of the offense, the normal limitations period has expired, and other circumstances are present. (Cal. Penal Code § 803 (2024).)

Time to Talk to a Lawyer

Statutes of limitations are confusing, to say the least. Plus, the same conduct can be the basis for multiple criminal charges, meaning that more than one limitations period could apply. Consult a knowledgeable attorney in your area to understand how the statutes of limitations apply in a specific case.